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<text id=90TT2665>
<title>
Oct. 08, 1990: Unquiet Grave
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 08, 1990 Do We Care About Our Kids?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 83
Unquiet Grave
</hdr>
<body>
<qt>
<l>THE POLK CONSPIRACY</l>
<l>by Kati Marton </l>
<l>Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 371 pages; $22.95</l>
</qt>
<p> In the spring of 1948, the body of CBS correspondent George
Polk washed up in Salonika bay, his hands and feet bound with
rope, a bullet hole in the back of his head. The Greek
pathologist who conducted the autopsy on the 34-year-old
journalist found 3 lbs. of undigested lobster in his stomach.
</p>
<p> The condemned man had eaten a hearty meal, perhaps even two.
But who picked up the check? And who took him on a one-way boat
ride? For 42 years circumstantial evidence and plain common
sense have pointed to agents of the ruling Greek Royalist Party,
then conducting a civil war against communist guerrillas. The
Polk Conspiracy supports this view. So why, after all these
years, should one bother to read more about it? Because Kati
Marton, in spinning a real-life thriller, brings fresh material
and renewed outrage to one of the fascinating stories of the
cold war. She also points the finger at a surprising cast of
collaborators.
</p>
<p> Like his CBS boss Edward R. Murrow, Polk is a model for the
American journalist as brooding idealist. Not satisfied with
accepting government handouts, he tried to report the Greek
civil war from behind the communist lines. Such enterprise
disturbed the Royalists. Either they did not understand the role
of an independent press or they understood it too well.
</p>
<p> Polk's dispatches about corruption and misrule had already
embarrassed the Greek government. Within weeks of his planned
return to the U.S., he confronted Foreign Minister Constantine
Tsaldaris with evidence that in violation of his country's
currency laws, he had transferred $25,000 to a personal bank
account in New York City. The newsman then rashly promised he
would broadcast the fact as soon as he got home.
</p>
<p> Royalists in general and Tsaldaris in particular had the
motives to murder Polk. It is possible they did not kill him.
But they did attempt to frame the communists. Ineptly and
tirelessly, the descendants of Socrates neglected to ask
fundamental questions. Why, for example, would the reds silence
an American journalist who not only made their enemies squirm
but could also be used to report their side of the war? Under
increasing pressure, the police eventually provided a scapegoat.
A confession was tortured out of him; he was found guilty of
complicity in Polk's death and given a life sentence. He was
released in 1961, five years after evidence emerged that the
Polk case had been rigged.
</p>
<p> Doubt still obscures the affiliations of the man who
actually pulled the trigger. But Marton's diligent research
provides a convincing case against those who allowed the killers
to go free and others who shared responsibility for covering up
the truth.
</p>
<p> William ("Wild Bill") Donovan, head of the OSS, the World
War II spy unit that evolved into the CIA, did a bang-up job of
protecting the Greek government and U.S. interests while heading
Washington's "investigation" of the Polk case. Columnist Walter
Lippmann lent his authority to the official better-dead-than-red
position as head of a committee of press pooh-bahs who shuffled
aside contrary evidence and refused to cooperate with other U.S.
reporters investigating the murder. Echoing biographer Ronald
Steel's view, Marton concludes that "Lippmann the establishment
grandee seems to have won out over Lippmann the journalist."
</p>
<p> Polk, by striking contrast, was a front-line reporter
schooled by the Depression and World War II, which he saw from
the cockpits of Navy warplanes. He shot down 11 Japanese
aircraft, was gouged by shrapnel and bitten by malarial
mosquitoes. He also developed a chip on his shoulder. Marton,
a former Bonn bureau chief for ABC News, prefers facts to
psychological speculation, although she does allow that Polk
indulged "a dangerous streak of self-righteousness."
</p>
<p> Marton catches the recklessness and the rectitude just
right. More important, she highlights that faded period when
America was cutting its cloaks and sharpening its daggers for
the cold war. Polk was among its first casualties. The truth,
Marton persuades us, was a close second.
</p>
<p>By R.Z. Sheppard.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>